CCMA & Labour Disputes

You've just been handed a CCMA document.Here is exactly what it means.

South African CCMA documents carry strict legal deadlines — often just 30 days. Missing them permanently closes legal doors. SmartDocAI tells you exactly what your document says, what you must do, and how long you have to do it — in plain English, grounded in South African labour law.

7 CCMA document types covered
Statutory deadlines calculated to the exact date
Built on the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995

If you have just been dismissed — read this first.

The 30-day clock started on the day you were dismissed. Not the day you got the letter. Not the day you decided to do something. The day you were dismissed. If you are reading this and that was more than a few weeks ago, you need to check your document today. Upload it now. Find out exactly where you stand.

SmartDocAI does not advise whether your dismissal was fair or unfair. It tells you exactly what your document says and what the law requires. For CCMA representation, a labour attorney or union representative can assist.

THE MOST IMPORTANT THING TO KNOW

CCMA deadlines are not like other deadlines.

Missing the 30-day referral deadline is not a setback. It is a permanent closure. Here is what that means for you.

🚨 CRITICAL

Unfair Dismissal — 30 Days

You have exactly 30 days from the date of your dismissal to refer your dispute to the CCMA using Form 7.11. Not 31. Not 35. 30. After that, you must apply for condonation — a discretionary process that CCMA commissioners regularly refuse. Your right to challenge your dismissal may be gone forever.

Section 191(1)(b)(i) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995

⚠️ HIGH

Unfair Labour Practice — 90 Days

If you were not dismissed but your employer treated you unfairly — unfair suspension, failure to promote, withheld benefit — you have 90 days from the date of the unfair act to refer the dispute. This is longer than the dismissal deadline, but it is still absolute. After 90 days, condonation is required.

Section 191(2) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995

⚠️ HIGH

Arbitration Award — 6 Weeks

If a CCMA commissioner has issued an award against you, you have 6 weeks from the date of the award to apply for review in the Labour Court. After 6 weeks, the award can be certified and enforced against you — including by a Sheriff attaching your property.

Section 145(1)(a) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995

SmartDocAI calculates the exact calendar deadline from the document you upload. Not a range. Not an estimate. The date.

WHO WE HELP

This is for you — wherever you are in the process.

You've just been dismissed

You received a dismissal letter, a Form 7.11, or a Notice to Attend Conciliation — and you don't fully understand what it says or what you need to do next. You know there is a deadline but you don't know exactly when it is.

  • Calculate the exact date by which you must act
  • Tell you what the document requires in plain English
  • Explain what happens if you miss the deadline
  • Identify whether the document indicates a procedurally unfair process
  • Show you the relevant LRA and BCEA sections that apply

You've received a CCMA notice

The company has received a Form 7.11 referral or a Notice to Attend Conciliation. You need to understand what the employee is claiming, when you need to respond, and what your obligations are.

  • Confirm the nature of the dispute and what is being claimed
  • Calculate your response deadline
  • Identify the required action (attend, respond in writing, or both)
  • Flag any procedural issues in the referral
  • Summarise the applicable LRA provisions

You've received a Section 189 letter

Your employer has sent you a notice about possible retrenchment. You need to understand whether the consultation process is being followed correctly, what your severance entitlements are, and what your rights are.

  • Verify all 7 Section 189(3) legally required disclosures
  • Calculate the minimum consultation period
  • Flag missing or legally inadequate elements
  • Explain your right to propose alternatives to retrenchment
  • Confirm your minimum severance pay under Section 41 BCEA
THE PROCESS

The Complete CCMA Process — A to Z

Five stages. From dismissal to enforcement. Understand where your document fits before you act.

DOCUMENTS WE ANALYSE

Seven CCMA and labour dispute documents. Every one analysed in full.

Every document below carries legal obligations, statutory deadlines, or financial consequences. SmartDocAI reads all of them.

WHAT YOU GET

Seven structured outputs. Every time.

Every CCMA document analysis delivers these outputs. Not a summary. Not a probability score. Structured, specific, grounded in SA labour law.

01

Document Classification

Document type, CCMA phase, confidence score, and issuing authority identified automatically.

02

Deadline Calculator

The exact deadline date — statutory or explicit — and the number of days remaining. Colour-coded by urgency.

03

Required Action

What you must do, by when, and who must do it. Employee, employer, or both — stated plainly.

04

Consequence of Inaction

What happens if nothing is done. Severity classification and legal basis. Never hidden.

05

SA Law Context

Applicable LRA and BCEA sections cited by number. Relevant SA case law where it applies — Sidumo, Edcon v Pillemer.

06

Plain Language Summary

4 to 6 sentences summarising the entire document in plain English. What it is, what it means, what to do next.

07

Ask the Document

Ask any question about your specific uploaded document. The AI answers using the document's content and SA labour law as context.

What SmartDocAI does not do

SmartDocAI tells you what your document says and what the law requires. It does not advise whether your dismissal was fair or unfair, does not assess your prospects of success, does not draft any CCMA forms on your behalf, and does not recommend settlement amounts. This limitation is visible in every analysis result.

ASK ANYTHING

Your uploaded document answers your questions.

Ask the Document is an AI chat interface that lets you ask questions about your specific uploaded document in plain English. It uses South African labour law as context — not generic answers.

  • Ask about deadlines specific to your document
  • Ask about your rights under the LRA and BCEA
  • Ask what a specific section means
  • Ask what happens next in the process

Ask the Document uses the content of YOUR uploaded document — not generic information. Available on all tiers. Number of questions per session varies by tier.

How many days do I have left to refer this?
Your dismissal date is stated as 14 March 2025. The 30-day deadline under Section 191(1)(b)(i) of the LRA falls on 13 April 2025. You have 11 days remaining.
Does my employer have to offer me alternatives to retrenchment?
Yes. Section 189(3) of the LRA requires the employer to disclose alternatives to retrenchment in the consultation notice. Your Section 189 letter does state alternatives on page 2, but the alternatives listed are vague. The LRA requires genuine consideration, not a formality.
What is the minimum severance pay I am entitled to?
Under Section 41 of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, you are entitled to at least 1 week's remuneration for every completed year of continuous service. Based on the employment dates in your document, that is a minimum of R18,450 for 6 years of service.
The award says reinstatement. What if my employer ignores it?
The award must be certified by the Labour Court before enforcement. Once certified, it has the same effect as a court order. If your employer fails to comply, you can apply for contempt or have the Sheriff attach and sell assets to satisfy the award. Your 6-week certification window runs until 28 June 2025.
Ask a question about your document…
WHAT GOES WRONG

These mistakes happen every day at the CCMA.

SmartDocAI flags every one of them automatically in every analysis.

🔴 CRITICAL

The Day 31 Referral

What happened: An employee was dismissed on 3 February. Their union filed Form 7.11 on 7 March — day 32.
What was missed: The 30-day referral deadline under Section 191(1)(b)(i) ran from 3 February. Day 30 was 5 March.
What it cost: The commissioner refused condonation. The employee's case was closed. Reinstatement and compensation were permanently lost.
SmartDocAI would have flagged: The dismissal date on the document. The exact 30-day deadline. Days remaining as of any given date.
🔴 CRITICAL

The Section 189 Letter Missing Three Disclosures

What happened: An employer issued a Section 189 notice describing reasons for retrenchment and severance pay, but omitted selection criteria, alternatives considered, and future re-employment prospects.
What was missed: Three of the seven legally required Section 189(3) disclosures were absent. The consultation was deficient from day one.
What it cost: The employer was ordered to pay 4 months' additional compensation per retrenched employee for procedural unfairness.
SmartDocAI would have flagged: Each of the seven required disclosures is checked. Missing disclosures are flagged as CRITICAL red flags.
⚠️ HIGH

The Compliance Order That Became a Court Judgment

What happened: An employer received a Compliance Order for underpaying wages. The HR manager was on leave. The order was filed and forgotten.
What was missed: The 21-day objection window passed. After 21 days, the order automatically became an arbitration award filed with the Labour Court.
What it cost: The employer paid wages owed plus sheriff's costs plus enforcement costs — and lost the right to raise a valid objection to the amount.
SmartDocAI would have flagged: The 21-day objection deadline flagged as CRITICAL, displayed prominently in the Deadline Calculator output.
SA LABOUR LAW

Three Acts. One set of rights. Know them.

Every CCMA analysis SmartDocAI produces is grounded in these three pieces of legislation. Not generic templates.

LRA66 of 1995

Labour Relations Act

Governs all dismissal disputes, the CCMA, conciliation, arbitration, review, and enforcement. The primary Act for all CCMA matters.

  • Section 188 — Substantive and procedural fairness for dismissal
  • Section 191 — Referral deadlines (30 days dismissal / 90 days ULP)
  • Section 145 — Review applications and the 6-week deadline
  • Section 189 — Individual/small-scale retrenchment consultation
  • Section 189A — Large-scale retrenchments
  • Schedule 8 — Code of Good Practice: Dismissal
BCEA75 of 1997

Basic Conditions of Employment Act

Sets minimum conditions every employee is entitled to — regardless of what any employment contract says. The BCEA floor cannot be contracted out of.

  • Section 41 — Severance pay (1 week per completed year)
  • Section 37 — Pay slips (mandatory)
  • Section 9 — Ordinary hours (max 45 hours/week)
  • Section 20 & 22 — Annual and sick leave
  • Section 38 — Compliance orders and enforcement
EEA55 of 1998

Employment Equity Act

Prohibits unfair discrimination in the workplace on any of the listed grounds. Relevant when a dismissal or unfair labour practice has a discriminatory element.

  • Section 6 — Prohibition of unfair discrimination
  • Section 9 — Burden of proof in discrimination disputes
  • Section 10 — Sexual harassment as unfair discrimination
  • Section 11 — Automatically unfair dismissal on Section 187 grounds
FREE RESOURCES

You do not have to face this alone — and you do not have to pay a lawyer to find out where you stand.

CCMA National Helpline

0861 16 2622

General process information, case status checks, office directions

Department of Employment and Labour

0800 601 011

BCEA complaints, UIF queries, wage disputes, labour inspector referrals

Legal Aid South Africa

0800 110 110

Free legal assistance for qualifying individuals; can provide CCMA representation in appropriate cases

South African Human Rights Commission

011 877 3600

Employment discrimination and EEA complaints

CCMA Website

www.ccma.org.za

All forms (7.11 and 7.13), all CCMA Rules, office addresses and hours, user guides

SmartDocAI is a complement to these resources — not a replacement. Use the CCMA helpline to understand the process. Use SmartDocAI to understand your specific document.

PRICING

Start with one document. No subscription required.

Credits work across all SmartDocAI modules — Business, Estate, and CCMA. Credits never expire.

The kit guides you through the process. The analysis credits are for analysing YOUR specific documents — not the kit files.

Most common dispute type

Dismissal Dispute Kit

R499once-off
3 analysis credits included

For employees who have been dismissed and need to understand the CCMA referral process, conciliation, and arbitration — and for employers who have received a Form 7.11.

Credits are for analysing your own CCMA documents — not kit files.

Files delivered by email immediately after payment. Valid download links regenerated any time from your billing page.

Retrenchment Rights Kit

R499once-off
3 analysis credits included

For employees and employers involved in a Section 189 or Section 189A retrenchment process — covering the legal requirements, mandatory disclosures, minimum severance pay, and the right to refer a dispute.

Credits are for analysing your own CCMA documents — not kit files.

Files delivered by email immediately after payment. Valid download links regenerated any time from your billing page.

Wage & Unfair Labour Practice Kit

R349once-off
2 analysis credits included

For workers who have not been paid what the law requires, or who have experienced an unfair labour practice as defined in Section 186(2) of the LRA — covering BCEA minimum entitlements, ULP categories, and CCMA referral.

Credits are for analysing your own CCMA documents — not kit files.

Files delivered by email immediately after payment. Valid download links regenerated any time from your billing page.

Which kit do I need?

I was dismissed and want to refer to the CCMADismissal Dispute Kit — R499
I received a Form 7.11 as an employerDismissal Dispute Kit — R499
I received a Section 189 or 189A retrenchment noticeRetrenchment Rights Kit — R499
I want to check whether a retrenchment process is compliantRetrenchment Rights Kit — R499
I have not been paid what the law requiresWage & Unfair Labour Practice Kit — R349
I experienced suspension, unfair probation, or denial of a benefitWage & Unfair Labour Practice Kit — R349
PayFast secured paymentFiles delivered by email immediately after paymentCredits never expireDownload links regenerated any time from your billing pageSouth African Rand — R

SmartDocAI provides factual information and document analysis — not legal advice. These kits explain what the law requires and how CCMA processes work. For legal advice or representation at the CCMA, consult a qualified labour attorney or your trade union.

SECURITY AND PRIVACY

Your documents are private. Always.

CCMA documents contain employment history, income details, and reasons for dismissal. Here is exactly how we protect them.

Your uploaded document is encrypted in transit and at rest. AES-256 encryption. Your document never leaves our secure infrastructure unencrypted.

Your documents are never shared with any third party. They are not used to train AI models. They are not reviewed by human employees.

You can delete any document or analysis at any time from your dashboard. Deletion is permanent and immediate — POPIA compliance built in.

We comply with the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA). Your personal information is processed only for the purpose of the analysis you requested.

QUESTIONS

Common questions about SmartDocAI and CCMA documents.

Yes. Our classifier automatically identifies the document type from its content. Upload the document as-is and select 'Auto-detect' — the classifier will identify it and run the most relevant analysis pipeline. If the document type is not one of the seven CCMA types we currently analyse, we will tell you clearly and not deduct a credit.

The deadline doesn't wait.
But now you know exactly where you stand.

R199 for your first document analysis. No subscription. No commitment. Just clarity.

SmartDocAI provides information and analysis — not legal advice. CenturionAI (Pty) Ltd. smartdocai.co.za

SmartDocAI provides information and analysis — not legal advice. Always consult a qualified South African labour attorney for advice specific to your situation. SmartDocAI is a product of CenturionAI (Pty) Ltd.